April 14, 20267 min read

What Is Radiotherapy? A Patient's Guide

Essential information that patients need to know about radiotherapy treatment. A comprehensive guide about how treatment is applied, side effects, and the preparation process.

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What Is Radiotherapy?

Radiotherapy is a treatment method that aims to destroy or shrink cancer cells using high-energy radiation beams. The beams damage the DNA structure of cancer cells, preventing them from multiplying. Radiotherapy can be applied alone or in combination with surgery and chemotherapy. Treatment is generally planned and administered by a radiation oncologist. Modern radiotherapy devices target the tumor precisely, minimizing damage to surrounding tissues.

Types of Radiotherapy

There are two main types of radiotherapy: external beam radiotherapy and internal (brachytherapy) radiotherapy. In external beam radiotherapy, beams are directed from outside the body with a device, and it is the most commonly used method. In brachytherapy, a radioactive source is placed inside or near the tumor. Advanced technology methods such as IMRT (Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy), SBRT (Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy), and proton therapy are also available. Your doctor will determine the most appropriate method based on your cancer type and location.

Treatment Preparation Process

Before radiotherapy, a planning session called simulation is performed. In this session, the tumor location is determined with a CT scan and the exact direction of the beams is planned. Small tattoo points or marks may be placed on your skin; these are for ensuring the correct position at each session. Your treatment plan is prepared within a few days. After simulation, your doctor will inform you about treatment duration, number of sessions, and possible side effects. You may need to apply special care to the skin of the area receiving radiotherapy.

Side Effects and Management

Radiotherapy side effects vary depending on the irradiated area. Skin redness, fatigue, and sensitivity in the treatment area are the most common side effects. Dry mouth and swallowing difficulty may occur with head and neck radiotherapy. Nausea and diarrhea may be experienced in the abdominal area. Most of these side effects improve within a few weeks after treatment is completed. Protect your skin from the sun, prefer soft clothing, and use the creams recommended by your doctor. Be sure to report your side effects to your doctor.

Treatment Process and Daily Life

Radiotherapy sessions are usually given 5 days a week for several weeks. Each session lasts approximately 15-30 minutes and is painless. You can largely continue your daily life during treatment. Pay attention to regular nutrition, adequate fluid intake, and light exercise. Do not rub the skin in the treatment area and avoid using hot water. Since fatigue is the most common side effect, adjust your daily plan accordingly. Always consult your doctor for treatment decisions and concerns.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is radiotherapy painful?

Radiotherapy sessions are painless. You do not feel anything during treatment. However, sensitivity or skin reactions may develop in the irradiated area during later stages of treatment. These symptoms can be managed with your doctor's recommendations.

Is there a risk to people around me during radiotherapy?

Patients receiving external beam radiotherapy do not emit radiation and pose no risk to people around them. For internal treatments like brachytherapy, your doctor will inform you about necessary safety precautions.

How many sessions does radiotherapy last?

The number of sessions varies depending on the cancer type, stage, and treatment purpose. It is generally applied in 15-35 sessions. With advanced techniques like SBRT, treatment can be completed in 3-5 sessions. Your doctor will explain your specific treatment plan in detail.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult your doctor for treatment decisions.

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